1. Introduction
In contemporary novels, characters play a more decisive role than any other component in the formation and continuity of the narrative. Among the writers who, in recent years, have succeeded in attracting the attention of critics and audiences through the creation of complex and psychologically disturbed characters, Reza Ghassemi occupies a distinctive position. In the novel “The Nocturnal Harmony of the Wooden Orchestra”, the characters are often involved in identity crises, psychological disorders, and philosophical confusion. Examining the characters of this novel from the perspective of Alfred Adler’s individual psychology makes it possible to provide a more fundamental analysis of their motivations and behaviors. Adler regards human beings as social creatures who, under the influence of their efforts to overcome feelings of inferiority, develop a particular lifestyle for themselves. This study aims to examine the characters of this novel based on Adler’s theory and seeks to answer the question of the extent to which the components of Adler’s theory can be examined in the behaviors and psychological states of the characters in Ghassemi’s novels.

2. Methodology
This study employs a descriptive-analytical method and an Adlerian psychological approach to examine the major and minor characters of the novel “The Nocturnal Harmony of the Wooden Orchestra.”

3. Discussion
“The Nocturnal Harmony of the Wooden Orchestra” is a modern and multilayered work by Reza Ghassemi that narrates the experience of Iranian immigrants living within the enclosed and enigmatic space of a building in France. The narrator is the principal and, at the same time, the most complex character in the novel; a multidimensional character shaped as a result of psychological trauma. Considering the component of “social interest” in Alfred Adler’s theory, the narrator can be regarded as a symbolic character.
“Seyyed Alexander” is the name chosen for one of the dynamic characters in the novel; a compound name consisting of Islamic and Western elements that, in an ironic manner, reflects the identity confusion of Iranians living in exile.
Profet, as the most controversial character in the novel, is the former Hassan, the shy and modest boy from the Javadiyeh neighborhood, who suffers from religious paranoia and considers himself responsible for implementing God’s commandments.
Kalantar possesses an authoritarian personality. He believes in the pursuit of power, and his personality structure is such that he is able to tolerate various intellectual preferences among the other characters and offer them solutions, provided that doing so enables him to achieve his authoritarian goals.
Rana is another character in the novel. Like the narrator, Rana possesses multiple dimensions of personality. After arriving in France, she has nowhere to stay, and after becoming acquainted with the narrator, she temporarily stays with him, while the narrator pursues the process of obtaining her residence permit.
Throughout the story, Rana is constantly striving to attain superiority and achieve her own goals, and along this path, her emotions and feminine feelings can never become an obstacle to her. Possessing several personality types simultaneously, she attempts to realize her objectives.

4. Conclusion
The psychological examination of the characters in the novel “The Nocturnal Harmony of the Wooden Orchestra”, based on Alfred Adler’s theory of personality, demonstrates that the heroes and central characters of the story are involved in compensatory mechanisms arising from inferiority complexes and unpleasant experiences during their childhood and adolescence. The main narrator of the story is a clear example of a character who continually suffers from feelings of inability, inadequacy, and rejection, and these past experiences play a fundamental role in shaping his pathological lifestyle. Characters such as Seyyed Kourosh (Alexander) can likewise be analyzed on the basis of Adler’s theory. Seyyed is a searching and apparently multifaceted individual who has repeatedly changed the course of his life, yet has found neither peace nor a distinct identity in any of them. The character of Profet represents an extreme form of compensation for psychological complexes, presenting an exaggerated image of a human being who, by choosing a violent path, seeks meaning, authority, and the affirmation of his own identity. The other characters, including the narrator, Seyyed, and the other minor characters in the novel, experience a form of alienation and existential restlessness that is consistent with the components of the feeling of not belonging in Adler’s theory.