نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
Introduction
Among birds, the nightingale has held a distinctive position in both classical Persian literature and regional folk traditions. Renowned for its melodious song and symbolic associations with love, it features prominently in didactic, mystical, and allegorical texts. Manteghoteyr is Attar's most important symbolic Masnavi for reaching absolute truth. In native poems, one can get acquainted with the beliefs and how people lived in different eras. This research, using library and field methods, aims to examine the position of the nightingale in Attar's Manteghoteyr and the native literature of Mazandaran. In this study, poems related to the presence of the nightingale in Attar's Manteghoteyr, as well as more than 2000 couplets from Mazandarani poems, were examined. Among them, 235 examples of poems were dedicated to the nightingale, which has the highest frequency among birds. Among the common concepts between Manteghoteyr logic and the native literature of Mazandaran are: the presence of the nightingale and the manifestation of flowers in the spring; the nightingale immersed in watching flowers; the passion and intoxication of the nightingale; the beautiful singing of the nightingale; the nightingale singing a new song every moment; the nightingale's lack of patience in the face of the sorrow of love, and the fact that the lover remembers his beloved by singing the nightingale. But the most important questions of this research:
What specific symbols/concepts does the nightingale inspire in Attar’s work and Mazandarani poetry?
Does mystical symbolism of the nightingale exist in Mazandarani folk verses?
Research Method
The study conducts a line-by-line comparative analysis of Mazandarani folk couplets and Manteghoteyr to evaluate cultural perceptions of the nightingale and Mazandarani beliefs.
Discussion
Birds have always had a close connection with human life throughout history. Notable names of birds can be seen in various poems, sometimes used in their literal sense and sometimes in their symbolic sense. "Manteghoteyr, the nightingale accompanies the hawk at the beginning of the journey and travels with him to a certain point, but in the middle of the journey, when he reaches a flower, his infatuation and fascination with the flower prevents him from continuing his journey" (Shafi'i Kadkani, 2004:265) "The presence of birds in the beliefs and opinions of the people of Mazandaran is related to the ecosystem and historical background of that land. Because of their pleasant voice, which sings a new song every moment, they consider the nightingale a symbol of talent, taste, and art" (Bagheri-Hamidabadi, 2012:95).
Conclusion
The nightingale is famous for its eloquence in Persian literature and the native literature of Mazandaran.The nightingale's love affair with the rose has given rise to original poems and themes in Persian literature. In the logic of the perfumer, the nightingale is an example of people who worship beauty and love their professions, who brag more and avoid doing dangerous things. The nightingale is the most common in the native literature of Mazandaran. It is a symbol of a broken-hearted lover who has disgraced himself to the world for his love of flowers. In addition to bringing the message of spring and the renewal of life, the nightingale is also a symbol of talent, music, taste, and art because of its pleasant voice and the fact that it sings a new song every moment. According to the research questions, it can be said that the nightingale has played a common role in Attar's Manteghoteyr and in the native literature of Mazandaran. A mystical view of the nightingale in the native poems of Mazandaran, like that in Manteghoteyr, was not found and it is more in the form of advice and counsel. The rose (the beloved) is the most central character in love poems and has a wide presence in these poems. The description of her beauty in appearance and behavior and the sadness she inflicts on the lover with her indifference and callousness are among the main themes of such poems that every long-suffering lover carries with them.
کلیدواژهها English
کتابشناسی
الف: کتابها
ب: مقالهها
ج: پایاننامه
