نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Introduction
Syntax deals with how words are constructed, and syntax deals with the relationship between them. In Chomsky's syntactic theory, syntax is equivalent to "the whole of grammar minus semantics and phonology." In his opinion, the job of syntax is not only to examine the placement of words in a sentence, but also to examine the relationship between sentences and even paragraphs. The purpose of emphasizing the broad scope of syntax is to prove that by analyzing the connections between all components of the text, from the smallest to the largest, a pattern can be achieved that corresponds to the thoughts, feelings, and ethics of the creator of the work, and this pattern can be considered one of the components of an individual's style. When a person thinks about a topic and intends to convey meanings and concepts to the audience, they resort to arranging and ordering words and sentences to accomplish this transfer more accurately. This arrangement, which establishes the relationship between the parts of speech, is called syntax, and in a more general sense, style, and this is where two decorative and organic perspectives on style come into play (Futohi, 2016:268). The decorative perspective considers style to be separate from thought and a means to adorn it; in this case, it can be said that style has become like a mask that hides the face of the speaker's or writer's thought; while from the organic perspective, style accompanies and even reveals thought. Adopting an organic perspective, this article analyzes the syntactic layer of Jalal Al-Ahmad's fictional works to understand how his intellectual and moral characteristics can be determined through this approach.
Research Methodology
In this study, parts of eight stories of Al-Ahmad (Did O Bazdid, Setar, Zan Ziyadi, Sargozashte Kandouha, Modire Madrese, Noono Alghalam, Nefrin Zamin, Panj Dastan) were examined in terms of the type of word arrangement (natural and marked), sentence structure (length of sentences, sentence connections, rhetorical continuity of sentences), and finally, the reflection of the author's point of view (with regard to aspect, tense, and grammatical voice). Based on their statistical frequency, the author's moral and ideological characteristics were analyzed. It is worth noting that direct quotations were not considered and the evidence is solely from the words of the narrator, that is, Jalal himself, in order to be able to indicate his characteristics.
Discuss
For example, in the discussion of sentence structure, prose that has short sentences indicates the writer's rapidity of thought and high level of excitement, and conversely, long sentences indicate the speaker's reflection and thoughtfulness (Futohi, 2016: 275). In Jalal's fictional prose, there are both short and long sentences. In the study, it was found that the average sentence length in these works is 15.5 words. This result proves that Al-Ahmad is a person who is not hasty, logical, and thoughtful.
conclusion
Based on the criteria mentioned in the research method section, the syntactic layer of Al-Ahmad's prose can indicate the following personality traits.
1- Jalal was not indifferent to the issues surrounding him, because most of his sentences are marked in some way. 2- Jalal did not take a hasty and unthinking stance on the issues he encountered, because the average number of words in his sentences is high. 3- Jalal had an analytical mind and was good at recognizing the connections between issues. The high percentage of his compound sentences indicates this. 4- Jalal was in the context of society and with the people, familiar with their concerns, and expressed his views clearly. The frequent use of verbs in the adverbial form is a sign of such a trait. 5- Jalal had a specific ideology and belief and defended his positions boldly, and this is evidenced by sentences that have an active grammatical voice. 6- Jalal can be considered a realistic person because the verbs in his sentences are often in the present tense.
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منابع اینترنتی
oral-history.ir/?language=2&page=serch
rasekhoon.net/article/show/785306
