Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Professor of Persian-Dari Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Badakhshan, Afghanistan. (corresponding author).
2
Professor of Persian-Dari Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Badakhshan, Afghanistan.
10.22034/jmzf.2025.220749
Abstract
Introduction
Abul-Maani Mirza Abdul Qadir Bidel is one of the great poets and a perfect representative of the Indian style, because all the characteristics of this literary style are crystallized and tangible in his literary creations (cf. Shafi'i Kadkani, 2019: 15). Biddle's poems contain many nuances, and one of the most prominent characteristics of his words is the creation of new compositions and combinations. In this research, the word "politeness" and its applied forms in the structure of his sonnets have been examined and scrutinized. The aim of this literary exploration is to represent the colorful manifestations of politeness in Bidel's artistic compositions and to recognize his poems from this perspective. The central question of the research is: How can the process of selecting and using the word "politeness" in Bidel's Divan be evaluated and analyzed?
Research Methodology
The current research is based on the analytical-descriptive method and is as follows: First, Bidel's poetry collection was read carefully, and then, from a structural perspective, the structural types of literature in the poet's verses were identified and categorized.
Discuss
Politeness, which conveys the concepts of humility, modesty, helplessness, self-control, silence, and stillness, is one of the key concepts in Biddle's poetry. According to Kazemi, this word is almost synonymous with modesty and is opposed to joking, madness, arrogance, and self-promotion. One of its important manifestations in Bidel's poetry is considering oneself as nothing in front of the beloved. In this position, the poet considers opening his eyes to the beauty of his beloved, stepping in her path, moaning and groaning, asking for her to be reunited, and even writing her a letter as a sign of expressing his existence, and against politeness. In Bidel's poetry, the concept of modesty and politeness is often used with emphasis: "My whole body is dust, wings of longing, but/ Politeness is the same as the way of expressing a closed argument" (Kazemi, 2007: 742). Dr. Qalichkhani writes: In Bidel's poems, hundreds of combinations are seen that have no precedent, such as his combinations of "imagination" and terms of prescription (cf. Qalichkhani, 2009: 24). It is worth noting that no research has been conducted so far on the politeness and its combinations in Bidel's Divan. The applied types of politeness in Bidel's Divan are examined as follows: Politeness without composition. It is used as an additional phrase, such as "the embrace of politeness," and in this way it can be used in the following ways: from politeness, oh politeness!, with politeness, impoliteness, impoliteness,… have been manifested with different literary meanings and concepts.
Conclusion
This research shows that adab without compounding more than 19 times, as an additional phrase more than 62 times, as "az+adb" more than 4 times, with the sign of the manada (e + adab) more than 6 times, with the prefix bi+adb, more than 3 times, as "adb+i", more than 3 times, in the form of a compound word such as: adab insha, adab ezhar, more than twenty-one times, with the prefix ba+adb, more than three times, as adab+gah, more than 36 times, with the suffix adab+ge, more than 9 times and with the suffix adab+kadeh, more than 5 times and in total with different uses and combinations more than 171 times in the poetry collection of Bidel, which mostly expresses the politeness of the soul.
