Motaleat-e-zaban-e-farsi

Motaleat-e-zaban-e-farsi

The Analysis of Satire Literary Mechanisms in Nasim-e-Shomal Newspaper

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 PhD student in Persian Language and Literature, Chalus Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalus, Iran
2 Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Persian Language and Literature, Chalus Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalus, Iran. (Corresponding Author)
3 Associate Professor at the Faculty of Persian Language and Literature, Gilan University, Rasht, Iran
4 Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Persian Language and Literature, Chalus Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalus, Iran
4/jshd.2021.133084
Abstract
Alongside the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and its social and political upheavals, magazines and newspapers were recognized as the most important media among both the general public and the intellectuals. Newspaper satire became widespread; so that satire journalists of this era, began to criticize political and social issues in order to make intimate contact with regular people. One of the most important publications in the Constitutional era is Nasim-e-Shomal newspaper in which Seyed Ashrafedin Gilani’s satirical poems and writings were published.  Due to its specific type of satire, Nasim-e-Shomal attained unique reception from the general public. In this article, we have studied Seyed Ashraf’s literary satire tricks in his poems and anecdotes. The results show that among satire-making mechanisms in his works, there are several important features; 1) Using fable or identification with animals which is a symbolic-narrative type. 2) Using ignorance via which everything is changed to its opposite. 3) Playing with symbols’ meanings which relate to religious and superstitious beliefs. 4)  Using allegory for presenting serious messages beyond figurative elements of artificial narratives. 5) Intentional benefitting from inner-textual paradoxes that fills poems or writings with political and social ironies. Moreover, nonsense writing is done through a type of satirical writing strategy via presenting irrelevant content.
Keywords

کتابشناسی

1- آژند، یعقوب، (1385)، تجدّد ادبی دورۀ مشروطه، تهران: مؤسسۀ تحقیقات و توسعۀ علوم انسانی.
2- اصلانی، محمّدرضا، (1385)، «طنزنامه رشد آموزش زبان و ادب فارسی»، شمارۀ 73، تهران: دفتر انتشارات کمک آموزشی.
3- انوشه، حسن، (1381)، فرهنگ ادب فارسی، تهران: سازمان چاپ و انتشارات وزارت فرهنگ و ارشاد اسلامی.

4- بهزادی اندوهجردی، حسین، (1378)، طنز و طنز پردازی در ایران، تهران: صدوق.

5- حری، ابوالفضل، (1387)، دربارۀ طنز (رویکردهای نوین به طنز و شوخ طبعی)، تهران: سورۀ مهر.

6- حسینی قزوینی (گیلانی)، سیّداشرف‌الدّین، (1325)، «نسیم شمال»، رشت (72 شماره).

7- ...............................، (1333)، نسیم شمال،  تهران.

8- حلبی، علی اصغر، (1364)، مقدمه‌ای بر طنز و شوخ­طبعی در ایران، تهران: پیک.

9- ...............................، (1377)، تاریخ طنز و شوخ­طبعی در ایران و جهان اسلام، چاپ اوّل، تهران: بهبهانی.

10- داد، سیما، (1383)، فرهنگ اصطلاحات ادبی، تهران: مروارید.

11- شفیعی کدکنی، محمّدرضا، (1372)، مفلس کیمیافروش، نقد و تحلیل شعر انوری، تهران: سخن.

12- شمیسا، سیروس، (1375)، انواع ادبی، تهران: فردوسی.

13- صلاحی‌، عمران‌، (١٣٨١)، طنزآوران امروز ‌ایران‌، تهران: مروارید.

14- نیکوبخت، ناصر، (1380)، هجو در شعر فارسی (نقد و بررسی شعر هجوی از آغاز تا عصر عبید)، تهران: مؤسسۀ انتشارات و چاپ دانشگاه تهران.

  • Receive Date 03 November 2020
  • Revise Date 05 December 2020
  • Accept Date 02 March 2021